Adoption of technology in teaching of language: A critical assessment of Punjabi(mother tongue)

Mother-tongue plays a paramount role in child’s development. It is the heart and soul of child's education. It is the foundation on which the personality of the child is built. The study of mother- tongue is of dire necessity on psychological, intellectual, emotional and cultural grounds. It is our duty to adopt and adapt mother-tongue as medium of all non-linguistic subjects, thereby making it easy and interesting for the child to learn these subjects. Teachers rarely use teaching technology like multimedia, instructional technology etc. They adopt lecture cum text book method-a boring procedure. Students are made to mug up even stories and poems. Students are passive partners in the learning process. No attempt is made to arouse their creativeness or encourage their self-expression so what they learn is poor learning. This calls for drastic changes. Language learning is a part of education in the wider sense. One of the important causes for the deterioration of the standard of mother-tongue (Punjabi) in Punjab is inadequate provision of teaching aids. In the present study, an attempt has been made to arrive at some precise conclusions.Punjabi,mother tongue, technology

Field Hockey Skill Tests Construction and Validation on Female Hockey Players

Hockey is a team-game in which the different players have to perform the different types of skills to overcome the opponent, each members of team have to perform best, to achieve success. In any sports discipline assessment of player can be done by subjective or objective means. Skill tests of relevant sports discipline helps in the objective assessment of the player. Sports skill tests are designed to measure the basic skills used in the playing of a specific sport. The degree of perfection of sport skills obviously varies significantly with the level and gender of the players. The mastery of the fundamental skills in any game results in the high level performance. Norms are necessary if the test scores are to be adequately interpreted. The type of test is selected depending upon the purpose of the test and characteristics of the group to be tested.” The aim of the present study was to construct and standardize the fundamental skill tests for the game of field hockey which contribute towards performance of the players. The objectives of the study measures the selected skills and performance and further establishing validity, reliability and objectivity the selected skill. Also the percentile norms and Hull scale for selected skill tests was constructed for field hockey female players. The study is delimited to 5 skills hitting, pushing, dribbling, passing and stopping, also female hockey players of inter-college level age ranged between 17 to 25 years with average age of 21years were selected. The data collected were subjected to various statistical analysis. Product Moment Correlation was used to find out inter – relationship among all the skill test items, Factor Analysis was applied in which, significant factors responsible for variance and dominant were extracted through Principal Component Analysis, The reliability of the filtered skill test items was computed by test retest method and Finally norms were developed using percentiles and Hull Scale. “The result reveals that there was inter-relationship between the performances of selected test items. The knowledge evolved in this study is directly helpful to coaches, trainers, trainees and teachers of Hockey and also selection committee of Field Hockey at different levels. This contribution will enrich the overall game performance in Indian Field Hockey. Keywords: Field Hockey, Norms, Performance, Skills DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/58-02 Publication date:August 31st 202

Metamaterial Inspired Patch Antenna for ISM Band by Adding Single-Layer Complementary Split Ring Resonators

In this work, we propose the design of metamaterial inspired compact circular patch antennas loaded with complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) for ISM band operation. CSRRs have been incorporated horizontally inside the dielectric. The various models of CSRR loaded antennas with different patch radius are produced and are evaluated numerically with Ansoft HFSS software. The results of the suggested antenna designs are presented that reveal a comparable impedance match and radiation characteristics with those of a normal patch antenna without CSRR. The proposed antennas yield high levels of miniaturization and similar performance to the conventional patch antenna at the 2.45GHz

Beneficial effects of Morus alba and Azadirachta indica leaf extract based combination cream in scalding type burn injury in rats

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of a combination cream of aqueous extracts of leaves of Morus alba (MA) and Azadirachta indica (AI) in scalding type burn wound injury in rats.Methods: Plant material was successively extracted and aqueous extracts were selected. Three extract based cream formulations viz. 20% w/w(MA), 20% w/w (AI), and combination cream containing 10%+10% w/w (MA+AI) were prepared. Cream base and standard anti-burn cream containing silver sulfadiazine were also used for comparison. Scalding type burn was given by pouring water at 90°C on a shaved dorsal area of 20 mm2. Deep second-degree burn injury was produced which was evaluated for next 21 days for a percentage of wound contraction and period of epithelialization. On 21st day, animals were sacrificed and histopathological slides were prepared using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Burned tissue was also screened for levels of oxidative stress using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) estimation.Results: There was a significant increase in the percentage of wound contraction and significant decrease in period of epithelialization in MA, AI, and MA+AI combination cream treated group as compared with control group. However, most significant results were obtained with MA+AI combination cream. Histologically, MA+AI cream treatment resulted in almost complete re-epithelialization and restructuring of the wound tissue. There was a significant rise in TBARS and decrease in GSH levels in burn injury group which was reversed to a major extent by the application of combination cream.Conclusions: The results indicate toward the possible role of free radical scavenging potential of extracts in the Burn wound tissue healing

Adoption of technology in teaching of language: A critical assessment of Punjabi(mother tongue)

Mother-tongue plays a paramount role in child’s development. It is the heart and soul of child's education. It is the foundation on which the personality of the child is built. The study of mother- tongue is of dire necessity on psychological, intellectual, emotional and cultural grounds. It is our duty to adopt and adapt mother-tongue as medium of all non-linguistic subjects, thereby making it easy and interesting for the child to learn these subjects. Teachers rarely use teaching technology like multimedia, instructional technology etc. They adopt lecture cum text book method-a boring procedure. Students are made to mug up even stories and poems. Students are passive partners in the learning process. No attempt is made to arouse their creativeness or encourage their self-expression so what they learn is poor learning. This calls for drastic changes. Language learning is a part of education in the wider sense. One of the important causes for the deterioration of the standard of mother-tongue (Punjabi) in Punjab is inadequate provision of teaching aids. In the present study, an attempt has been made to arrive at some precise conclusions

Job Satisfaction: A Challenging Area of Research in Education

Indian Education Commission (1966) describes teacher as one of the most important factors contributing to the national development. He is the pivot around which all the educational programs, such as curriculum, syllabus, textbooks, evaluation, etc., rotate. The best system of education may fail to achieve the desire ends in the absence of sincere, competent and professionally aware teachers. National Policy on Education (1986) rightly states “No people can rise above the level of its teachers”. As a person imbibes, interprets and disseminates the relevant items of culture and traditions of the past, he creates new knowledge, promotes innovations, critically appraises the past and its traditions and cultures, sifts the grain from the chaffe, strengthens social and economic fabrics of the nation. Education is basically the influence which the teacher exerts on the students entrusted to his care. Effective teachers are required in the classroom because even the best curriculum and most perfect syllabus remain ineffective in the absence of a good teacher. The teaching profession, according to Daniels (1973) inherently entails certain well-known self obvious and implicit obligations, commitments and expectations from its members. The society bestows its trust on all the professionals to rise to the demands of the profession. In order to perform his role of paramount and vital significance effectively, a teacher should be professionally aware of professional demands and obligations placed on him by the profession. Further the role of teachers in influencing the future of our advancing national development is becoming increasingly important. Development of the country requires a high rate of production and fullest possible utilization of both human as well as material resources. Nowadays, there is, however, a general feeling that the teachers do not have satisfaction in their job. There seems to be growing discontentment towards their job as a result of which standard of education are falling. Teachers are dissatisfied in spite of different plans and programs, which have been implemented to improve their job. Job satisfaction consists of total body of feeling about the nature of job promotion, nature of supervision etc. that an individual has about his job. If the sum total of influence of these factors gives arises to feelings of satisfaction, the individual has job satisfaction. Under such circumstances it is essential that the proper understanding concerning satisfaction emanating from the job life be obtained

Job Satisfaction: A Challenging Area of Research in Education

Indian Education Commission (1966) describes teacher as one of the most important factors contributing to the national development. He is the pivot around which all the educational programs, such as curriculum, syllabus, textbooks, evaluation, etc., rotate. The best system of education may fail to achieve the desire ends in the absence of sincere, competent and professionally aware teachers. National Policy on Education (1986) rightly states “No people can rise above the level of its teachers”. As a person imbibes, interprets and disseminates the relevant items of culture and traditions of the past, he creates new knowledge, promotes innovations, critically appraises the past and its traditions and cultures, sifts the grain from the chaffe, strengthens social and economic fabrics of the nation. Education is basically the influence which the teacher exerts on the students entrusted to his care. Effective teachers are required in the classroom because even the best curriculum and most perfect syllabus remain ineffective in the absence of a good teacher. The teaching profession, according to Daniels (1973) inherently entails certain well-known self obvious and implicit obligations, commitments and expectations from its members. The society bestows its trust on all the professionals to rise to the demands of the profession. In order to perform his role of paramount and vital significance effectively, a teacher should be professionally aware of professional demands and obligations placed on him by the profession. Further the role of teachers in influencing the future of our advancing national development is becoming increasingly important. Development of the country requires a high rate of production and fullest possible utilization of both human as well as material resources. Nowadays, there is, however, a general feeling that the teachers do not have satisfaction in their job. There seems to be growing discontentment towards their job as a result of which standard of education are falling. Teachers are dissatisfied in spite of different plans and programs, which have been implemented to improve their job. Job satisfaction consists of total body of feeling about the nature of job promotion, nature of supervision etc. that an individual has about his job. If the sum total of influence of these factors gives arises to feelings of satisfaction, the individual has job satisfaction. Under such circumstances it is essential that the proper understanding concerning satisfaction emanating from the job life be obtained

Inhibition of gene expression with double strand RNA interference in Entamoeba histolytica

In order to inhibit gene expression in Entamoeba histolytica, we have developed a method based on expressing double strand RNA interference constructs in stable transformants. The 5' end of Eh Dia was cloned head to head with an intervening non-specific stuffer fragment in the E. histolytica expression vector pJST4. This construct was transformed in E. histolytica HM1:IMSS trophozoites and stable transformants were selected with 20 µg/ml G418. Our results show that expression of Eh Dia was completely inhibited in these transformants. These stable transformants could be maintained indefinitely without expression of Eh Dia. This method therefore provides an effective tool to study the phenotypic changes, which occur due to inhibition of gene expression in the absence of mutants and other microbiological manipulations in this protozoan parasite

A comparative evaluation of intraoral and extraoral digital impressions: An in vivo study

Aim: The accuracy of a dental impression is determined by two factors: “trueness” and “precision.” The scanners used in dentistry are relatively new in market, and very few studies have compared the “precision” and “trueness” of intraoral scanner with the extraoral scanner. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare accuracy of intraoral and extraoral digital impressions. Materials and Methods: Ten dentulous participants (male/female) aged 18–45 years with an asymptomatic endodontically treated mandibular first molars with adjacent teeth present were selected for this study. The prepared test tooth was measured using a digital Vernier caliper to obtain reference datasets. The tooth was then scanned using the intraoral scanner, and the extraoral scans were obtained using the casts made from the impressions. The datasets were divided into four groups and then statistically analyzed. The test tooth preparation was done, and dimples were made using a round diamond point on the bucco-occlusal, mesio-occlusal, disto-occlusal, and linguo-occlusal lines angles, and these were used to obtain reference datasets intraorally using a digital Vernier caliper. The test tooth was then scanned with the IO scanner (CS 3500, Carestream dental) thrice and also impressions were made using addition silicone impression material (3M™ ESPE) and dental casts were poured in Type IV dental stone (Kalrock-Kalabhai Karson India Pvt. Ltd., India) which were later scanned with the EO scanner (LAVA™ Scan ST Design system [3M™ ESPE]) thrice. The Datasets obtained from Intraoral and Extraoral scanner were exported to Dental Wings software and readings were obtained. Repeated measures ANOVA test was used to compare differences between the groups and independent t-test for comparison between the readings of intraoral and extraoral scanner. Least significant difference test was used for comparison between reference datasets with intraoral and extraoral scanner, respectively. A level of statistical significance of P < 0.05 was set. Results: The precision values ranged from 20.7 to 33.35 μm for intraoral scanner and 19.5 to 37 μm for extraoral scanner. The mean deviations for intraoral scanner were 19.6 μm mesiodistally (MD) and 16.4 μm buccolingually (BL) and 24.0 μm MD and 22.5 μm BL for extraoral scanner. The mean values of the intraoral scanner (413 μm) for trueness were closest to the actual measurements (459 μm) than the extraoral scanner (396 μm). Conclusion: The intraoral scanner showed higher “precision” and “trueness” values when compared with the extraoral scanner